computer system architecture by morris mano 3rd edition

Description : 

In computer sciene and engineering, computer architecture is the art that specifies the relations and parts of a computer system. Computer architecture is different than the architecture of buildings, the latter is a form of visual arts while the former is part of computer sciences. In both instances (building and computer), a complete design has many details, and some details are implied by common practice.

For example, at a high level, computer architecture is concerned with how the central processing unit (CPU) acts and how it uses computer memory. Some fashionable (2011) computer architectures include cluster computing and Non-Uniform Memory Access.
Computer architects use computers to design new computers. Emulation software can run programs written in a proposed instruction set. While the design is very easy to change at this stage, compiler designers often collaborate with the architects, suggesting improvements in the instruction set. Modern emulators may measure time in clock cycles: estimate energy consumption in joules, and give realistic estimates of code size in bytes. These affect the convenience of the user, the life of a battery, and the size and expense of the computer's largest physical part: its memory. That is, they help to estimate the value of a computer design.